Exam answers BIO-6202 Biological Science

A neuron is a nerve cell; the fundamental unit of the nervous system

True Correct
False

Mutation Correct
Chromosome
Dominant Trait
RNA

A small population of chimpanzees lives in a habitat that undergoes no changes for a long period. How will genetic drift probably affect this population?

It will accelerate the appearance of new traits Correct
It will increase the number of alleles for specific traits
It will reduce genetic diversity
It will promote the survival of chimpanzees with beneficial traits

A transgenic organism:

has foreign DNA Correct
has poisons
is inedible
is harmful

Abundant and powdery pollen produced by small, indistinct flowers is probably transported by:

bees and butterflies
flies
wind Correct
birds

All is true about GMOs except:

GMOs are created by introducing recombinant DNA into an organismby any means
GMOs are harmful to human health and the environment Correct
GMOs are created by generating genomic DNA fragments with restriction endonucleases
GMOs maybe created by over expressing proteins in E coli

All of the following comprise our white blood cells except:

neutrophils
macrophage
platelets
cardiomyocytes Correct

All of the following sentences are , except one Which statement is false?

Genetic engineering of crops will wreck our ecosystem because improper statistical analysis and field trials are currently conducted Correct

All of the following sentences are correct, except one. Which statement is false?

Statistical evidences are important in biological sciences
Bioinformatics encompass a wide range of subject areas
Genomic scale dataset for all other species include biochemical information on metabolic pathways, regulatory networks, protein-protein interaction data from different types of experiments, and systematic knockouts of genes
Genetic engineering of crops will wreck our ecosystem because improper statistical analysis and field trials are currently conducted Correct

An inbred is usually unfit for survival. Why?

Inbreeding is an abomination of natural laws
Inbreeding can bring together rare, deleterious mutations that lead to harmful phenotypes Correct
DNAs repel in closely related organisms
Somatic cells are incompatible

An organism produced by cross mating of two highly related species is called a:

GMO
transgender
mutant
hybrid Correct

Apoptosis is ________________.

similar to necrosis
all of the answers correct
programmed cell death Correct
similar to cell division

Arctic foxes typically have a white coat in the winter. In summer, when there is no snow on the ground, the foxes typically have a darker coat. Which of the following is most likely responsible for the seasonal change in coat color?

The lower temperatures in winter denature the pigment molecules in the arctic fox coat, causing the coat to become lighter in color
The decrease in the amount of daylight in winter causes a change in gene expression, which results in the foxes growing a lighter appearing coat Correct
The diet of the foxes in summer lacks a particular nutrient, which causes the foxes to lose their white coat and grow a darker colored coat
Competition for mates in the spring causes each fox to increase its camouflage with the environment by producing a darker appearing coat

Bioinformatics is:

Used the power of computing to address biological questions
The study of data in sciences
Involves several statistical tools
All of these Correct

Biomarkers are useful for:

add flavor to fruits
producing brightly colored plants
mark genes related to plant diseases Correct
prove ownership of trees

Birds are believed to be descendants of:

fungi
fishes
mammals
It will reduce genetic diversity
dinosaurs Correct

Blood carries carbon dioxide rich blood towards which organ?

Heart
Lungs Correct
Kidneys
Liver

Blood component containing the inorganic materials to be distributed to cells in the body:

intracellular fluid
blood plasma Correct
extracellular fluid
no correct answer

Choose which one of the following traits are needed for a health science professional.

All of the answer is correct Correct
attention to detail, compassion and technical skills
good problem-solving and decision making ability
Interpersonal communication skills

Command line versions of the BLAST programs are available for all operating system.

True
False Correct

Corn develops from a seedling with a single cotyledon, displays parallel veins on its leaves, and produces monosulcate pollen. A monocot is a plant characterized by:

parallel veins on the leaves
a monosulcate pollen
a single cotyledon
all of the answers Correct

Databanks with a gatekeeper are slow in incorporating new data and accurate, while databanks without a gatekeeper are fast and inaccurate.

True Correct
False

DNA double helix does not have which of the following?

Major and minor grooves
Uracil Correct
Complementary base pairing
Antiparallel configuration

DNA molecule that is distinct from the chromosome; this molecule can be used to move foreign DNA in or out of a cell:

Plasma membrane
Plasmodic membrane
Plasma
Plasmid Correct

DNA replication involves unwinding two strands of parent DNA, copying each strand to synthesize complementary strands, and releasing the parent and daughter DNA. Which of the following accurately describes this process?

This is an anabolic process
This is both anabolic and catabolic
This is a catabolic process
This is a metabolic process but is neither anabolic nor catabolic Correct

During the systolic phase of the cardiac cycle, the heart is ________.

filling with blood
contracting Correct
contracting and relaxing
relaxing

Environmental scientists have the following skill sets:

All of the answers correct Correct
Capacity to write papers
Interpersonal social skills
Communication skills

Evolution is important for:

large organisms, like people and elephants
all organisms Correct
abiotic factor in the environment
small organisms like fungi and mushrooms

Fishes living in coral reefs develop this adaptation to their environment:

sharp fangs
aggressiveness
colorful scales Correct
episodic isolation

Gene therapy can be used to introduce foreign DNA into cells ________.

Of tissues to cure inheritable disease
For molecular cloning
By PCR
All of these Correct

Genetic recombination occurs by which process?

Independent assortment
Chromosome segregation
Sister chromatids
Crossing over Correct

Genomics can be used in agriculture to:

All of these Correct
Improve disease resistance
Improve yield
Generate new hybrid strains

Genomics can be used on a personal level to:

Predict genetic diseases that a person may have inherited
Determine the risks of genetic diseases for anindividual's children
Decrease transplant rejection
All of these Correct

Glucose molecule is a:

monosaccharide
disaccharide Correct
carbohydrate
protein

Growing stems are made up of ________.

meristematic tissue Correct
permanent tissue
vascular tissue
dermal tissue

If DNA is likened to a ladder, what are the compounds that make up the sides of the ladder?

Phosphates and bases
None of these
Phosphates and sugars Correct
Bases only

If DNA is likened to a ladder, what are the compounds that make up the steps of the ladder?

phosphates and bases
phosphates and sugars
no correct answers
bases only Correct

In carrier pigeons there is a rare inherited condition that causes the death of the chicks before hatching. In order for this disease to be passed from generation to generation there must be parent birds that:

are heterozygous for the disease Correct
are closely interbred
have the disease themselves
produce new mutations for this disease

In either plant or anImals reproducing sexually, the embryo developing from a fertilized egg is also known as:

sepal
mitosis
cotyledon
zygote Correct

In eukaryotes, where is the DNA wrapped around?

Polymerase
Single-stranded binding proteins
Sliding clamp
Histones Correct

In most stable freshwater environments, populations of Daphnia are almost entirely female and reproduce asexually. However, males are observed in low oxygen environments or when food is scarce. Based on these observations, a researcher suggests that male Daphnia develop in response to unfavorable environmental conditions. This is an example of a:

procedure
result
theory Correct
hypothesis

In the life sciences there are typically two types of publication:

Rely mostly or wholly on subjective evidence
Those that use large data sets
Based on speculations
None of these Correct

In which direction does DNA replication take place?

5'
3'-5'
3'
5'-3' Correct

Individuals that are well adapted to their environment will survive and produce

fewer mutations
more offspring Correct
better traits
stronger genes

It is believed that all life on Earth began from a:

Bacteria Correct
Bird
Mammal
Dinosaur

Molecular cloning can be used in agriculture to:

increase variety and yield
use less pesticides
all of the answers correct Correct
improve hybrid traits

Most dinosaurs existed during:

Cretaceous period Correct
Industrial Revolution
Big Bang
Cambrian period

Mutations within a DNA sequence are:

unnatural processes that always affect the phenotype
natural processes that produce genetic diversity Correct
unnatural processes that are harmful to genetic diversity
natural processes that always affect the phenotype

One of the statements about a scientific theory below is in Which statement is this?

Science is an arcane, ivory-towered institution that do not need any system of checks and balances Correct

One of the statements about a scientific theory below is incorrect. Which statement is this?

Accepted scientific ideas are reliable because they have been subjected to rigorous testing, but as new evidence is acquired and new perspectives emerge these ideas can be revised
Science is a community endeavor that relies on the cumulative knowledge from different groups and disciplines
The science of cell and molecular biology deals with cell life cycles and differentiation, development from egg to adult
Science is an arcane, ivory-towered institution that do not need any system of checks and balances Correct

Order the scientific method steps (numbered items) with the process of solving the everyday problem (lettered items). 1. Observation-A 2. Question-B 3. Hypothesis-C 4. Prediction-D 5. Experiment-E 6. Result-F

A, B, C, D, E, F Correct
A, D, C, B, F, E
A, C, B, D, E, F
A, C, B, E, D, F

Oxygen and carbon dioxide are mainly exchanged in which organ?

heart
kidney
blood
lungs Correct

Pairs of chromosomes that are similar in size and genetic composition are:

Haploid
Diploid
Chromatin
Chromatids Correct

Part of an experiment wherein variables are not changed.

control Correct
hypothesis
theory
variable

Plant parts which is responsible for getting nutrients from the soil:

roots Correct
trichomes
lenticels
nodes

Plant regions covering the outer layer of the stems are made up of ________.

meristematic tissue
permanent tissue
dermal tissue Correct
vascular tissue

Plants are the main source of this gas in the planet:

argon
carbon dioxide
oxygen Correct
nitrogen

Plants convert carbon dioxide to ________.

oxygen
all of the choices are correct Correct
starch
sugar

Pollen grains develop in which structure?

the stigma
the carpel Correct
the filament
the anther

Post-translational modifications of proteins can affect which of the following?

Chromatin modification
Protein function
All of these Correct
Transcriptional regulation

Red blood cells:

carry oxygen to different organs of the body Correct
can be classified as granulocytes or agranulocytes
defend the body against bacteria and viruses
are also called leucocytes

Orthologs
Homologs Correct
Proteologs
Paralogs

Small changes happening to the individuals of a species that live in a particular area are called a

variation Correct
fossil
group
population

Strokes are often caused by ________.

Viruses
Neurodegeneration
Seizures
Blood clots or burst blood vessels Correct

Targeted therapies are used in patients with a set gene expression pattern. A targeted therapy that prevents the activation of the estrogen receptor in breast cancer would be beneficial to which type of patient?

Patients who express the EGFR receptor in normal cells
Patients that have no estrogen receptor expressed in their tumor
Patients with a mutation that inactivates the estrogen receptor
Patients with lots of the estrogen receptor expressed in their tumor Correct