Introduction to Psychology PSYC-6101 exam answers

The phenomenon in psychoanalysis in which the patient comes to feel and act toward the therapist in ways that resemble how he or she feels and acts toward other significant adults.

Interpretation of Transference Correct

The release of emotional energy related to unconscious conflicts.

Catharsis Correct

The reproducibility of the test’s result is known as ______________.

Reliability Correct

The sound wave is amplified by the hammer, anvil, and stirrup in the _____________.

Middle ear Correct

The sound wave is transduced into neural impulses in the ________, which is located in the cochlea in the inner ear

Organ of Corti Correct

The tendency for group discussion to make beliefs and attitudes more extreme.

Polarization Correct

The tendency to worry and experience negative emotions.

Neuroticism Correct

The theoretical approach to psychological disorders that attributes psychological disorders to organic and internal causes

. Biological approach Correct

The type of reaction that pertains to the fact that the body reacts to stress with an alarm reaction, a phase of resistance to the stress, and a stage of exhaustion if coping is not successful.

. Physiological Reactions Correct

Theory of DreamingThis is a state of mind characterized by focused attention, suggestibility, absorption, lack of voluntarycontrol over behavior, and suspension of critical faculties of mind.

Hypnosis Correct

Theory that views motivated behavior as directed toward the reduction of a physiological need.

. Drive-reduction theory Correct

These are branchlike structures that receive incoming signals from other neurons.

Dendrites Correct

These are brief, acute changes in conscious experience and physiology that occur in response to a personally meaningful situation

Emotion Correct

These are chemical substances that are stored in very tiny sacs within the terminal buttons and involved in transmitting information across a synaptic gap to the next neuron.

Neurotransmitters Correct

These are located at the ends of the axon where neurotransmitters are stored before being released into the synapse.

Terminal Buttons Correct

These are states of cellular or bodily deficiency that compel drives; these are what your body seeks.

Needs Correct

These are strategies that comes in different forms such as formulas, instructions, and the testing of possible solutions.

Algorithms Correct

These are substances that create distorted perceptions of reality ranging from mild to extreme.

Hallucinogens Correct

These are tactics that the ego uses to reduce anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality.

Defense Mechanisms Correct

These are the needs for order, predictability, physical security, & freedom from fear.

Safety Needs Correct

These are the perceived states of tension that occur when our bodies are deficient in some need and creating an urge to relieve the tension.

Drives Correct

These pertain to development of one’s potential to the fullest extent.

Self-actualization needs Correct

These processes involve changes in an individual’s biological nature.

Physical Processe Correct

These processes involve changes in an individual’s relationship with other people, changes in emotions, and changes in personality

Socioemotional Processes Correct

These processes pertain to changes in individual’s thought, intelligence, and language.

Cognitive Processes Correct

These provide support, nutritional benefits, and other functions in the nervous system.

Glial cells Correct

These reinforcers are learned by association, usually via classical conditioning like money, grades, and peer approval.

Secondary reinforcers Correct

These reinforces are innate and often satisfy biological needs like food, water, sex, and even artificial sweeteners with no food value

Primary reinforcers Correct

This can be thought of as any event that strains or exceeds an individual’s ability to cope.

Stress Correct

This consists of guidelines provided by every culture for judging acceptable and unacceptable behavior

Social Norms Correct

This coordinates information between the left and right hemispheres of the brain.

corpus callosum Correct

This defense mechanism involves directing unacceptable impulses at a less threatening target.

Displacement Correct

This governs high-level processes in the brain such as cognition and language.

Cerebral cortex Correct

This governs the emotion of fear and aggression.

Amygdala Correct

This includes food, water and sleep.

Basic Physiological Needs Correct

This involves anything that energizes or directs behavior.

Motives Correct

This is a basic drive that ensures that we take in sufficient nutrition to survive.

Hunger Correct

This is a Greek word which means “mind.”

Psyche Correct

This is a Greek word which means “the study of.”

logos Correct

This is a special form of episodic memory, consisting of a person’s recollections of his or her life experiences

Autobiographical Memory Correct

This is a special form of episodic memory, consisting of a person’s recollections of his or her life experiences.

. Autobiographical Memory Correct

This is characterized more likely than others to engage in social activities, experience gratitude, strong sense of meaning in life, and are more forgiving.

Extraversion Correct

This is Jung’s name for the impersonal, deepest layer of the unconscious mind, shared by all human beings because of their common ancestral past

Collective unconscious Correct

This is necessary for balance, muscle tone and performance of motor skills.

Cerebellum Correct

This is responsible for the transfer of information from short to long term memory.

Hippocampus Correct

This is resting state of the neuron, when more negative ions are inside and more positive ions are outside the cell membrane.

Polarized State Correct

This is the field of psychology that uses psychological principles to encourage healthy lifestyles and to minimize the impact of stress.

Health Psychology Correct

this is the Freudian structure of personality that deals with the demands of reality. It abides by reality principle as it tries to bring the individual pleasure within the norms of the society.

Ego Correct

This is the harsh internal judge of our behavior. It is reflected in what we often call conscience and evaluates the morality of our behavior.

Superego Correct

This is the most primitive defense mechanism, in which the ego simply refuses to acknowledge anxiety- producing realities.

Denial Correct

This is the urge to move towards one's goals.

Motivation Correct

This leads to changes in many aspects of our psychological states and process – changes in our emotions, motivations, and cognitions.

Psychological Reaction Correct

This means thinking reflectively and productively and evaluating the evidence.

Critical Thinking Correct

This occurs when material that was learned earlier disrupts the recall of material learned later. taught earlier

Proactive Interference Correct

This pertains to the memory of emotionally significant events that people often recall with more accuracy and vivid imagery than everyday events.

Flashbulb Memory Correct

This refers to any external object or event that motivates behavior.

Incentives Correct

This refers to respiration, consciousness, sleep, dreaming, facial movements, sensory processes and transmission of neural signal from one part of the brain to another.

Pons Correct

This refers to the interpretation of sensation. It is an active process in which perceptions that are created often go beyond the minimal information provided by the senses.

Perception Correct

This refers to the person’s observable characteristics which show the contributions of both nature (genetic heritage) and nurture (environment).

Phenotypes Correct

This refers to the savory taste of meat stock, cheese, and mushrooms, that some scientists believe is another type of taste bud.

Umami Correct

This refers to the tendency of members of groups to work less hard when group performance is measured than when individual performance is measured.

Social Loafing Correct

This refers to yielding to group pressure to act as everyone else does.

Conformity Correct

This regulates heartbeat and respiration and plays a role in sneezing, coughing, vomiting, swallowing and digestion.

Medulla Correct

This regulates some of our basic emotional reaction.

Limbic system Correct

This reinforcement involves the removal of the stimulus to increase behavior.

Negative reinforcement Correct

This reinforcement occurs when the presentation or addition of stimulus to a situation increases the likelihood of a behavior like giving extra credit points for turning in homework on time

Positive reinforcement Correct

This requires the individual to choose between alternatives that contain both positive and negative consequences.

Multiple approach-avoidance conflict Correct

This stage of human development is when the young child's thought is egocentric or selfcentered, as they can only see things from their perspective

Early childhood Correct

This theory taks about how an emotional reaction is a result of physiological reactions to stimul

James-Lange Theory Correct

Type of attention in which involves concentrating on more than one activity at the same time.

Divided Attention Correct

Visual stimuli in which the cues used in visual perception create a false perception.

Visual Illusions Correct

We tend to perceive lines or patterns that follow a smooth contour as being part of a single unit.

Continuity Correct

When a stimulus is continuously present or repeated at short intervals, the sensation gradually becomes weaker. This termed__________.

Sensory adaptation Correct

When we perceive a visual stimulus, part of what we see is the center of our attention and the rest is the indistinct ground.

Figure-ground Correct

Which of the following does mediation appear to improve?

All of the above Correct

Introduction to Psychology

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