Developmental Psychology PSYC-6201 exam answers

This characteristic of development refers to a person's capacity for change.

Plastic Correct

This comprise culturally determined methods or materials that allow children to use the basic mental functions more effectively/adaptively.

Tools of intellectual adaptation Correct

This factor that contributes to human development pertains to the environment within which the development process takes place.

Nurture Correct

This factor that contributes to human development pertains to the process of biological inheritance and maturation.

Nature Correct

This involves adopting observed behaviors, values, beliefs and attitudes of another person.

Identification Correct

This is a mediational process in which the extent to which we notice a behavior affects the likelihood of the behavior being imitated.

Attention Correct

This is a mediational process in which the extent to which we remember a behavior affects the likelihood of it being imitated later by the observer.

Retention Correct

This is a source of self-efficacy pertaining to the state a person is in including stress reactions or tension, or positive emotions.

Emotional and Physiological States Correct

This is a way of adapting or adjusting to the environment through the use of an existing schema to deal with a new object or situation.

Assimilation Correct

This is another route to self-efficacy through the art of visualizing yourself behaving effectively or successfully in a given situation.

Imaginal Experiences Correct

This is from 3 to 5 or 6 years of age.

Phallic Stage Correct

This is from 5 or 6 to puberty

Latency Stage Correct

This is the characterized by the child's difficulty taking the viewpoint of others.

Egocentricism Correct

This is the child's understanding that something stays the same in quantity even though its appearance changes

Conservation Correct

This level of morality is based on individual rights and justice

Post-conventional morality Correct

This level of morality is based on the norms of the group to which the person belongs.

Conventional morality Correct

This level of morality is based on the physical consequences of actions.

Pre-conventional morality Correct

This pertains to inborn traits or characteristics inherited from the biological parents

Heredity Correct

This refers to individuals' beliefs about their ability to succeed at a task.

Self-efficacy Correct

This refers to Jerome Bruner's cognitive development theory itself which means that learning is an active process in which learners construct new ideas or concepts based upon their current/past knowledge and by exploring as opposed to being told about something.

Discovery learning Correct

This refers to the children's ability to work things out internally in their head (rather than physically try things out in the real world)

Operational thought Correct

This refers to the force which drives the learning process as we do not like to be frustrated and will seek to restore balance by mastering the new challenge.

Equilibration Correct

This refers to the knowing that an object still exists, even if it is hidden or cannot be seen by the eyes

Object permanence Correct

This refers to thinking before imitation. This occurs between observing the behavior and imitating it or not.

Mediational Process Correct

This set of processes that affect an individual's development include the inheritance of genes from parents, the development of the brain, height and weight gains, changes in motor skills, the hormonal changes of puberty, and cardiovascular decline among others.

Biological processes Correct

This source of efficacy pertains to influential people in our lives who can strengthen our beliefs that we have what it takes to succeed.

Verbal Persuasion Correct

This source of efficacy pertains to seeing people (role models) similar to ourselves succeed by their sustained effort, and raising our beliefs that we too possess the capabilities to master the activities needed for success in that area.

Vicarious Experiences Correct

This source of efficacy pertains to the experience of success or failure in doing a task or controlling an environment To have a resilient sense of self-efficacy requires experience in overcoming obstacles through effort and perseverance.

Mastery Experiences Correct

This source of efficacy pertains to the state we are in.

Emotional and Physiological States Correct

This source of self-efficacy has to do with success in mastering a task or controlling an environment whereas a failure will undermine that efficacy belief. To have a resilient sense of self-efficacy requires experience in overcoming obstacles through effort and perseverance

Mastery Experiences Correct

This source of self-efficacy is about seeing people (role models) similar to ourselves succeed by their sustained effort raises our beliefs that we too possess the capabilities to master the activities needed for success in that area

Vicarious Experiences Correct

This stage is from 1 to 3 years of age.

Anal Stage Correct

This stage is where the child or individual recognizes law and order as the primary source of morality.

Maintaining Social Order Correct

This stage of cognitive representation involves an internal representation of external objects visually in the form of a mental image. For example, a child drawing an image of a tree or thinking of an image of a tree would be representative of this stage.

Iconic representation Correct

This stage of cognitive representation involves the encoding and storage of information. There is a direct manipulation of objects without any internal representation of the objects

Enactive representation Correct

This stage of cognitive representation is when information is stored in the form of a code or symbol such as language. Each symbol has a fixed relation to something it represents. For example, the word 'dog' is a symbolic representation for a single class of animal.

Symbolic representation Correct

This stage takes place from birth until the first year of life.

Oral Stage Correct

This system encompasses the cultural environment in which the person lives and all other systems that affect them.

Macrosystem Correct

This system involves the relationships between the people in the direct environment in one's life.

Mesosystem Correct

this theory explains that personality results from the interaction of an individual's thoughts with inner qualities, self-beliefs, and environmental cues.

Social Cognitive Theory Correct

This was defined by Piaget as the basic building block of intelligent behavior - a way of organizing knowledge.

Schema Correct

This way of adapting or adjusting to the environment happens when the existing schema is changed in order to deal with a new object or situation

Accommodation Correct

TRUE OR FALSE: According to the ecological theory, if the relationships in the immediate microsystem break down, the child will not have the tools to explore other parts of his environment.

True Correct

TRUE OR FALSE: Relationships in a Microsystem are non-directional.

False Correct

TRUE OR FALSE: The Macrosystem can have either a positive or negative impact on a person's development depending on his or her cultural environment.

True Correct

TRUE OR FALSE: The mesosystem involves the relationships between the microsystems in one's life.

True Correct

TRUE OR FALSE: The Microsystem involves the relationships between the exosystems in one's life

False Correct

Two closed, pyramid-shaped beakers containing clearly identical amounts of a liquid are suddenly judged by a child to hold different amounts after one of the beakers is inverted. The child apparently lacks a:

Concept of conservation. Correct

Two containers hold the same amount, but Jane thinks that the taller, skinnier glass holds more. This is known as:

Absence of Conservation Correct

View of human development that sees the individual as inseparable from the social context.

Contextual Correct

Vigotsky suggests that teachers use cooperative learning exercises where less competent children develop with help from more skillful peers - within the zone of proximal development.

True Correct

Vygotsky places more emphasis on culture affecting cognitive development. He assumes that cognitive development varies across cultures, whereas Piaget states cognitive development is mostly universal across cultures.

True Correct

Vygotsky postulates that learning cannot be seperated from its social context.

True Correct

Vygotsky sees the More Knowledgeable Other as the area where the most sensitive instruction or guidance should be given, in order to allow children to develop skills which they will use on their own

False Correct

Vygotsky's theories feed into many current interests except for:

competitive learning Correct

Vygotsky's Theory of Social Development has two important principles: the MKO and the ZPD

True Correct

What are the five levels of environmental influence from intimate to broad?

Microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, macrosystem, chronosystem Correct

What do people face during each psychosocial stage that can serve as a turning point in development?

Conflict Correct

What is the function of the "superego"?

To guide one in performing socially-acceptable behavior Correct

What is the gap between a child's capacity to perform a task independently and the potential to perform it with assistance known as?

Zone of proximal development Correct

What level of Kohlberg's moral reasoning have adolescents reached when they set their own internal standards for behavior?

Post conventional Correct

When Mika is asked why he should not hit his brother, he responds, "Because Mommy says so and if I do I will get yelled at." Mika's level of moral development fits with which of Piaget's and/or Kohlberg's stages?

Obedience and Punishment Correct

When two microsystems interact, Urie Bronfenbrenner would term this the:

Mesosystem Correct

Which is an example of the autonomy versus shame and doubt stage?

A preschooler insisting on wearing his shoes even if the left and right are interchanged Correct

Which of Piaget's stages is associated with adolescence?

Formal operation Correct

Which of the activities below best demonstrates discovery learning: When there is some disagreement during class, the teacher should ________.

allow for the free exchange of ideas, keep an eye on things, and get involved only if needed Correct

Which of the following BEST defines spiral curriculum?

Introducing basic information on a topic early in the year and complex forms of the same topic later in the year Correct

Which of the following is an example of observational learning?

. Young women wear clothes styled like those of a popular actress Correct

Which of the following is NOT one of the four elements of observational learning?

Defiance Correct

Which of the following is one way a teacher can model a skill or behavior?

Live modeling of a process Correct

Which of the following is true about Scaffolding?

describes the way children often build on the information they have already mastered. Correct

Which of the following provides the best example of the macrosystem as described in Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory?

. Local government approves increased funding for public school libraries. (WRONG) Correct

Which of the following refers to the intense, enduring, social-emotional relationship that develops between a child and a caregiver?

Attachment Correct

Which of the following was added by Bronfenbrenner as a fifth system?

Chronosystem Correct

Which of the individuals below is in the generativity versus stagnation stage?

. Mary who is thinking hard whether she should contribute to the business startup money of her son or not. Correct

Developmental Psychology

Showing 226-300 of 311 answers